http://www.oyez.org/cases/1982/podcast U.S. Supreme Court Oral Arguments, presented by The Oyez Project (www.oyez.org) en The Oyez Project at Chicago-Kent http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2245/argument None Wed, 27 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55039 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_411/argument None Wed, 27 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55029 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_5576/argument None Wed, 27 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55005 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_1066/argument None Wed, 27 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55160 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_167/argument None Tue, 26 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55120 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_6080/argument None Tue, 26 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55126 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_354/argument None Tue, 26 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55121 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_486/argument None Tue, 26 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55209 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_5119/argument None Mon, 25 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55052 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_502/argument None Mon, 25 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55165 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2386/argument None Mon, 25 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55171 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_242/argument None Mon, 25 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55102 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1859/argument None Wed, 20 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55216 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2169/argument None Wed, 20 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55206 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_342/argument None Wed, 20 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55104 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_23/argument Ernest Chambers, a member of the Nebraska legislature, challenged the legislature's chaplaincy practice in federal court. This practice involves the offering of a prayer at the beginning of each legislative session by a chaplain chosen by the state and paid out of public funds. The district court supported Chambers on the use of public funds. The appeals court supported Chambers on the prayer practice. Both parties appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Wed, 20 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55142 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_524/argument None Tue, 19 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55004 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_331/argument None Tue, 19 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55034 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_215/argument None Tue, 19 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55061 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_695/argument None Tue, 19 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55210 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_185/argument None Mon, 18 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55103 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_118/argument None Mon, 18 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55153 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_195/argument A Minnesota law allowed taxpayers to deduct from their state income tax expenses incurred in providing tuition, textbooks, and transportation for their children's elementary or secondary school education. Parents who sent their children to parochial school also qualified for the deductions. Mon, 18 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55131 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2125/argument None Mon, 18 Apr 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55205 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_11/argument None Wed, 30 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55091 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_6908/argument None Wed, 30 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 54994 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_65_orig/argument None Wed, 30 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55053 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1843/argument None Wed, 30 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55182 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_372/argument None Tue, 29 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55134 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1717/argument None Tue, 29 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55020 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2257/argument None Tue, 29 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55049 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_492/argument Helm was convicted of writing a check from a fictitious account, a crime carrying with it a five-year jail sentence. However, since this was his seventh felony conviction in South Dakota since 1964, he was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole under a state recidivist statute. Tue, 29 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55176 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1857/argument None Mon, 28 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55047 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_52/argument None Mon, 28 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55003 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_168/argument None Mon, 28 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55159 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_984/argument None Mon, 28 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55084 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_271/argument None Wed, 23 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55217 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2147/argument None Wed, 23 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55196 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_67_orig/argument None Wed, 23 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55186 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_34/argument None Tue, 22 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55012 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2338/argument Two non-profit groups merged to form the group Taxation With Representation of Washington (TWR). One of the original groups obtained 501(c)3 status from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which allowed donors to make tax-deductible donations to it. Because the other group participated in political lobbying, it did not qualify for 501(C)(3) status and could not offer tax-deductible donations. Since the newly formed TWR also participated in "substantial lobbying," the IRS denied it tax-deduction privileges. TWR alleged in District Court that the IRS's "substantial lobbying" restriction for 501(C)(3) status violated its First Amendment rights by imposing an "unconstitutional burden" on its ability to receive tax-deductible donations. TWR also argued that the restriction violated its Fifth Amendment equal protection rights since veterans' organizations that lobbied extensively could receive tax-deductible donations. The District Court dismissed the complaint but the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled that the "substantial lobbying" restriction did impair TWR's Fifth Amendment equal protection rights. Tue, 22 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 54989 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1889/argument None Tue, 22 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55203 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1985/argument None Tue, 22 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55192 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_401/argument None Mon, 21 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55125 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1891/argument None Mon, 21 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55092 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_276/argument None Mon, 21 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55036 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_65/argument In apportioning its state legislative seats, the State of Wyoming made provisions to allocate to each county at least one state representative. With the state's total population and its sixty-four House seats, the ideal apportionment would have been 7,337 persons per representative. Given the guarantee of county representation, Niobrara County, with a population of less than half the ideal (2,924), was allocated a House seat. Mon, 21 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55002 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1617/argument (Tom Feledy prepared this summary.) A traveler at an airport alerted the suspicions of drug agents, who, based upon his behavior and discrepancies in his luggage tags, believed he was carrying narcotics. They relayed this information to fellow agents at his destination airport. There, the agents met him and seized his bags without his consent. Ninety minutes after the seizure, his bags were subjected to a "sniff" test by a drug-detection dog. The dog signaled the presence of a controlled substance in one of the bags. The agents then obtained a warrant for that suitcase, which turned out to contain cocaine, and the man was convicted of the drug offense. The Court of Appeals reversed his conviction on the ground that the ninety minutes exceeded the investigative stop permitted by _Terry v. Ohio , and thus violated the Fourth Amendment's search and seizure privilege. Wed, 02 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55166 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2057/argument Democrats in control of the New Jersey Legislature designed a plan for congressional redistricting in the state which the outgoing Democratic governor signed into law. Even though the district populations differed by less than one percent from each other, they were clearly drawn to maximize Democratic power in the state. Wed, 02 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 54999 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1938/argument None Wed, 02 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55064 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1032/argument None Wed, 02 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55082 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_6756/argument None Tue, 01 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 54997 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2399/argument None Tue, 01 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55172 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1748/argument None Tue, 01 Mar 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55010 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1983/argument None Mon, 28 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55013 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_131/argument None Mon, 28 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 54995 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1314/argument None Mon, 28 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55141 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_63/argument None Mon, 28 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55218 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_82_256/argument David Long was convicted for possession of marijuana found by Michigan police in the passenger compartment and trunk of his car. The police searched the passenger compartment because they suspected Long's vehicle contained weapons potentially dangerous to the officers. After a state appellate court affirmed the conviction, the Michigan Supreme Court reversed. The Michigan Supreme Court held that the search violated the Fourth Amendment and the Michigan Constitution. Wed, 23 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55068 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2318/argument None Wed, 23 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55179 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2337/argument None Wed, 23 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55207 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1350/argument None Wed, 23 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55117 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1794/argument None Tue, 22 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 54988 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2101/argument None Tue, 22 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55035 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2101/reargument None Tue, 22 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 admin 62315 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1893/argument None Tue, 22 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55215 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1020/argument None Tue, 22 Feb 1983 13:00:00 +0000 54996 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1494/argument None Wed, 19 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55096 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1581/argument None Wed, 19 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55145 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_469/argument Bush, an aerospace engineer at the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (Center), a facility operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), made a series of public comments critical of the Center. Lucas, the Centers director, demoted Bush on the ground that the comments were false and misleading. The Federal Employee Appeals Authority upheld the demotion, but the Civil Service Commissions (CSC) Appeals Review Board later found that the demotion had violated his First Amendment rights. NASA accepted the Board_s recommendation that Bush be restored to his former position retroactively, with back pay. While his administrated appeal was pending, Bush brought suit against Lucas in Alabama state court, seeking to recover damages for violation of his First Amendment rights. Lucas removed the action to federal district court, which granted summary judgment for Lucas. The Fifth Circuit affirmed, holding that Bush had no cause of action for damages under the First Amendment in view of the available remedies under the CSC regulations. Wed, 19 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55060 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1487/argument None Wed, 19 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55072 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1120/argument None Tue, 18 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55143 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1687/argument Sony Corporation of America manufactured and sold the "Betamax" home video tape recorder (VTR). Universal City Studios owned the copyrights to television programs broadcast on public airwaves. Universal sued Sony for copyright infringement, alleging that because consumers used Sony's Betamax to record Universal's copyrighted works, Sony was liable for the copyright infringement allegedly committed by those consumers in violation of the Copyright Act. Universal sought monetary damages, an equitable accounting of profits, and an injunction against the manufacturing and marketing of the VTR's. The District Court denied all relief, holding that the noncommercial home use recording of material broadcast over the public airwaves was a fair use of copyrighted works and did not constitute copyright infringement. Moreover, the court concluded that Sony could not be held liable as contributory infringers even if the home use of a VTR was considered an infringing use. In reversing, the Court of Appeals held Sony liable for contributory infringement. Tue, 18 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55212 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1863/argument None Tue, 18 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55100 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1687/reargument Sony Corporation of America manufactured and sold the "Betamax" home video tape recorder (VTR). Universal City Studios owned the copyrights to television programs broadcast on public airwaves. Universal sued Sony for copyright infringement, alleging that because consumers used Sony's Betamax to record Universal's copyrighted works, Sony was liable for the copyright infringement allegedly committed by those consumers in violation of the Copyright Act. Universal sought monetary damages, an equitable accounting of profits, and an injunction against the manufacturing and marketing of the VTR's. The District Court denied all relief, holding that the noncommercial home use recording of material broadcast over the public airwaves was a fair use of copyrighted works and did not constitute copyright infringement. Moreover, the court concluded that Sony could not be held liable as contributory infringers even if the home use of a VTR was considered an infringing use. In reversing, the Court of Appeals held Sony liable for contributory infringement. Tue, 18 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 admin 62311 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1062/argument None Tue, 18 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55133 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_2150/argument None Mon, 17 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55073 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1686/argument None Mon, 17 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55185 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_731/argument None Mon, 17 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55071 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1945/argument A California law dictated that before additional nuclear power plants could be built, the state energy commission had to determine that there would be adequate storage capacity for spent fuel rods. Two utility companies challenged the law, arguing that its provisions had been preempted by the federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954. Mon, 17 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55037 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1839/argument From 1967 to 1971, the Minneapolis Star and Tribune Company, a publisher of a morning and evening newspaper in Minneapolis, was exempt from a state sales and use tax provided periodic publications. In 1971, the Minnesota legislature imposed a "use tax" on the cost of paper and ink products consumed in publishing. In 1974, the legislature exempted the first $100,000 worth of ink and paper consumed a year. After the enactment of this exemption, the Star Tribune found itself paying roughly two-thirds of the total revenue raised by the tax. Wed, 12 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 54992 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1675/argument None Wed, 12 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55030 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1590/argument None Wed, 12 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55167 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_419/argument None Wed, 12 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55075 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_920/argument None Tue, 11 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55128 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1664/argument None Tue, 11 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55087 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1966/argument None Tue, 11 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55169 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_6633/argument None Tue, 11 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55127 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_969/argument None Mon, 10 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55106 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_857/argument A Texas law permitted public school districts to deny tuition-free admission to minors living apart from their parents if their primary purpose of living in the district was to attend school free of charge. Roberto Morales left his family in Mexico to live with his sister, Oralia Martinez, in Texas. When the school district denied Morales' application for free admission, Martinez challenged the law in court. Mon, 10 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55069 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_523/argument None Mon, 10 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55115 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1578/argument None Mon, 10 Jan 1983 13:00:00 +0000 55163 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1335/argument None Wed, 08 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55151 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_8_orig/argument None Wed, 08 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55008 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1453/argument None Wed, 08 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55021 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1463/argument None Tue, 07 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55187 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1661/argument None Tue, 07 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55178 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1756/argument None Tue, 07 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55085 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1802/argument None Mon, 06 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55108 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1476/argument None Mon, 06 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55214 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1627/argument None Mon, 06 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55027 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1635/argument None Mon, 06 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55014 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1304/argument None Wed, 01 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55077 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1273/argument None Wed, 01 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55066 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1574/argument None Wed, 01 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55123 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1095/argument None Wed, 01 Dec 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55050 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_185/argument None Tue, 30 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55114 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_746/argument In 1978 the Akron City Council enacted an ordinance which established seventeen provisions to regulate the performance of abortions. Among other things, the ordinance required: all abortions performed after the first trimester to be done in hospitals, parental consent before the procedure could be performed on an unmarried minor, doctors to counsel prospective patients, a twenty-four hour waiting period, and that fetal remains be disposed of in a "humane and sanitary manner." Some of the ordinance's provisions were invalidated by a federal district court. Tue, 30 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55048 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1255/argument None Tue, 30 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55137 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1181/argument None Tue, 30 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55220 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1613/argument None Mon, 29 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55018 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1114/argument None Mon, 29 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55098 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1180/argument None Mon, 29 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55054 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1536/argument None Mon, 29 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55094 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1489/argument None Wed, 10 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55138 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1196/argument None Wed, 10 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55023 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1493/argument None Wed, 10 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55112 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1214/argument None Wed, 10 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55199 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_680/argument None Tue, 09 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55078 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1404/argument None Tue, 09 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55041 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1370/argument The Kansas Power & Light Company (KPL) entered long-term contracts in 1977 governing its purchase of natural gas from the Energy Reserves Group (ERG), a Kansas-based oil company. The contracts contained "price escalator" clauses which provided for gas prices to rise to the levels set by governmental authorities. In 1978, the federal government established a new system for regulating natural gas prices under the Natural Gas Policy Act. The Act set maximum lawful prices that could be charged for different types of natural gas and applied these price levels to intrastate gas markets. The Act allowed states to set maximum price levels below federal levels, which Kansas did under the Kansas Natural Gas Price Protection Act (Kansas Act). When ERG tried to raise its prices to the higher federal levels using the "price escalator" clause, KPL insisted that it was only legally obligated to buy gas at the lower prices set by the Kansas Act. ERG claimed that KPL violated the contract by refusing to pay federal prices. In response, KPL argued that the Kansas Act clearly prohibited the use of federal price levels to trigger "price escalator" clauses. After a state trial court ruled in favor of KPL, ERG claimed that the Kansas Act violated the Contract Clause by preventing federal price changes from affecting state contracts. The Supreme Court of Kansas held that the Kansas Act did not violate the Contract Clause since it was a legitimate effort by the state of Kansas to protect its economy from rapid price changes. Tue, 09 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55188 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1044/argument None Tue, 09 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55045 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_638/argument None Mon, 08 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55194 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1320/argument Lawson was a law-abiding black man of unusual deportment (he wore his hair in long dreadlocks). Lawson was frequently subjected to police questioning and harassment when he walked in white neighborhoods. Lawson challenged the California law "that requires persons who loiter or wander on the streets to provide a 'credible and reliable' identification and to account for their presence when requested by a peace officer." Mon, 08 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55174 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_827/argument None Mon, 08 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55043 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1251/argument None Mon, 08 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55110 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1008/argument None Wed, 03 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55139 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1222/argument None Wed, 03 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55025 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1244/argument None Wed, 03 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55093 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_802/argument None Wed, 03 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55180 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_5195/argument None Tue, 02 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55201 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_773/argument None Tue, 02 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55058 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1203/argument None Tue, 02 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55032 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1064/argument In 1976, police officers of the City of Los Angeles stopped Adolph Lyons for a traffic code violation. Although Lyons offered no resistance, the officers, without provocation, seized Lyons and applied a chokehold. The hold rendered Lyons unconscious and damaged his larynx. Along with damages against the officers, Lyons sought an injunction against the City barring the use of such control holds. Tue, 02 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55149 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_485/argument None Mon, 01 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55183 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1506/argument None Mon, 01 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55135 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1003/argument None Mon, 01 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55147 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_431/argument None Mon, 01 Nov 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55105 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_430/reargument The Bloomingdale, Illinois Police Department received an anonymous tip that Lance and Susan Gates were selling drugs out of their home. After observing the Gates's drug smuggling operation in action, police obtained a warrant and upon searching the suspects' car and home uncovered large quantities of marijuana, other contraband, and weapons. Wed, 13 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 admin 62312 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_896/argument The Perry Education Association (PEA) won an election against the Perry Local Educators' Association (PLEA) to serve as the sole union representing teachers in Perry Township, Indiana. As part of the collective-bargaining agreement reached between PEA and the Board of Education of Perry Township, PEA obtained exclusive rights to use the internal school mail system and PLEA was denied access. PLEA contended that denying their members use of the mail system violated the First Amendment and the Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. A Federal District Court ruled against PLEA but the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed. Wed, 13 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55007 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_430/argument The Bloomingdale, Illinois Police Department received an anonymous tip that Lance and Susan Gates were selling drugs out of their home. After observing the Gates's drug smuggling operation in action, police obtained a warrant and upon searching the suspects' car and home uncovered large quantities of marijuana, other contraband, and weapons. Wed, 13 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55158 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_927/argument None Wed, 13 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55000 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_1271/argument From 1972 through 1978, Falls City Industries, Inc. sold beer to Vanco Beverage, Inc., the sole wholesale distributor for Falls City in Indiana at a higher price than Falls City charged its only wholesale distributor in Kentucky. Under Indiana law, brewers were required to sell to all Indiana wholesalers at a single price, Indiana wholesalers were prohibited from selling to out-of-state retailers, and Indiana retailers were not permitted to purchase beer from out-of-state wholesalers. Vanco filed suit, alleging that Falls City's price discrimination violated section 2(a) of the Clayton Act, as amended by the Robinson-Patman Act. The Federal Court found that Vanco had established a prima facie case of price discrimination. The court rejected Falls City's "meeting-competition" defense under section 2(b) of the Clayton Act, which provides that a defendant may rebut a prima facie showing of illegal price discrimination by establishing that its lower price to any purchaser or purchasers was made in good faith to meet an equally low price of a competitor. The Court of Appeals affirmed. Wed, 13 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55154 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_3/argument Bob Jones University was dedicated to "fundamentalist Christian beliefs" which included prohibitions against interracial dating and marriage. Such behavior would lead to expulsion. In 1970, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) changed its formal policy to adopt a district court decision that prohibited the IRS from giving tax-exempt status to private schools engaging in racial discrimination. The IRS believed that the University's policies amounted to racism and revoked its tax-exempt status. The University claimed that the IRS had abridged its religious liberty. This case was decided together with Goldsboro Christian Schools Inc. v. United States, in which Goldsboro maintained a racially discriminatory admissions policy based upon its interpretation of the Bible, accepting for the most part only Caucasian students. The IRS determined that Goldsboro was not an exempt organization and hence was required to pay federal social security and unemployment taxes. After paying a portion of such taxes for certain years, Goldsboro filed a refund suit claiming that the denial of its tax-exempt status violated the U.S. Constitution. Tue, 12 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55222 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_298/argument None Tue, 12 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55129 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982813/oral-argument-no-81-1 Bob Jones University was dedicated to "fundamentalist Christian beliefs" which included prohibitions against interracial dating and marriage. Such behavior would lead to expulsion. In 1970, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) changed its formal policy to adopt a district court decision that prohibited the IRS from giving tax-exempt status to private schools engaging in racial discrimination. The IRS believed that the University's policies amounted to racism and revoked its tax-exempt status. The University claimed that the IRS had abridged its religious liberty. This case was decided together with Goldsboro Christian Schools Inc. v. United States, in which Goldsboro maintained a racially discriminatory admissions policy based upon its interpretation of the Bible, accepting for the most part only Caucasian students. The IRS determined that Goldsboro was not an exempt organization and hence was required to pay federal social security and unemployment taxes. After paying a portion of such taxes for certain years, Goldsboro filed a refund suit claiming that the denial of its tax-exempt status violated the U.S. Constitution. Tue, 12 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 admin 60574 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_80_2146/argument None Tue, 12 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 54986 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_825/argument None Wed, 06 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55016 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_184/argument None Wed, 06 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55156 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_525/argument None Wed, 06 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 54990 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_708/argument None Wed, 06 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55089 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_554/argument None Tue, 05 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55118 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_334/argument None Tue, 05 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55062 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_129/argument None Tue, 05 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55190 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_420/argument None Tue, 05 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55197 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_80_orig/argument None Mon, 04 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55006 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_897/argument None Mon, 04 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55056 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_878/argument None Mon, 04 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55161 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1982/1982_81_776/argument None Mon, 04 Oct 1982 13:00:00 +0000 55080 at http://www.oyez.org