http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980/podcast U.S. Supreme Court Oral Arguments, presented by The Oyez Project (www.oyez.org) en The Oyez Project at Chicago-Kent http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_2078/argument In reaction to the seizure of the U.S. embassy and American nationals in Iran, President Jimmy Carter invoked the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and froze Iranian assets in the United States. When the hostages were released in 1981, Treasury Secretary Donald Regan affirmed the agreements made the Carter administration that terminated all legal proceedings against the Iranian government and created an independent Claims Tribunal. Dames & Moore attempted to recover over $3 million owed to it by the Iranian government and claimed the executive orders were beyond the scope of presidential power. Wed, 24 Jun 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53759 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_756/argument None Wed, 29 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53707 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_710/argument None Wed, 29 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53780 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_802/argument None Wed, 29 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53834 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_5392/argument None Tue, 28 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53711 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_850/argument None Tue, 28 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53744 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_289/argument None Tue, 28 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 62816 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_901/argument None Tue, 28 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53777 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_808/argument None Mon, 27 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53881 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_148/argument None Mon, 27 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53756 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_328/argument None Mon, 27 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53691 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_780/argument None Tue, 21 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53754 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_608/argument None Tue, 21 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53745 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_544/argument None Tue, 21 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53795 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_795/argument A Minnesota law allowed the Minnesota Agricultural Society to devise rules to regulate the annual state fair in St. Paul. Minnesota State Fair Rule 6.05 required organizations wishing to sell or distribute goods and written material to do so from an assigned location on the fairgrounds. In other words, walking vendors and solicitors were not allowed. The International Society for Krishna Consciousness challenged the rule, arguing that it restricted the ability of its followers to freely exercise their religious beliefs at the state fair. Mon, 20 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53753 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_202/argument None Mon, 20 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53717 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_78_1789/argument None Mon, 20 Apr 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53737 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_242/argument None Tue, 31 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53743 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_317/argument None Tue, 31 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53847 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_590/argument None Tue, 31 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53734 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_396/argument None Tue, 31 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53723 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_581/argument None Mon, 30 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53813 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_11/argument None Mon, 30 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53796 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_11/reargument None Mon, 30 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 admin 62303 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_441/argument None Mon, 30 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53837 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1517/argument None Mon, 30 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53690 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_5303/argument None Tue, 24 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53740 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_251/argument After the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in early 1980, President Jimmy Carter reactivated the draft registration process. Congress agreed with Carter's decision, but did not enact his recommendation that the Military Selective Service Act (MSSA) be amended to include the registration of females. A number of men challenged the constitutionality of the MSSA, and the challenge was sustained by a district court. Tue, 24 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53766 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_420/argument None Tue, 24 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53709 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_264/argument None Tue, 24 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53854 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_348/argument None Mon, 23 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53871 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_6853/argument None Mon, 23 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53850 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_84/argument None Mon, 23 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53720 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_429/argument None Mon, 23 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53746 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1943/argument None Wed, 04 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53706 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_298/argument None Wed, 04 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53732 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_5049/argument None Wed, 04 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53822 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_120/argument None Tue, 03 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53790 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_207/argument None Tue, 03 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53776 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1144/argument None Tue, 03 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53695 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_332/argument None Mon, 02 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53872 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_5/argument None Mon, 02 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53805 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_180/argument None Mon, 02 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53821 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1734/argument None Mon, 02 Mar 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53710 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_195/argument The city of San Diego banned most outdoor advertising display signs in order to improve the city's appearance and prevent dangerous distractions to motorists. Only "onsite" billboards with a message relating to the property they stood on would be permitted. Upon petition by a coalition of businesses owning advertising signs, a trial court ruled that the ban was an unconstitutional exercise of the city's police powers and hindered First Amendment rights of the businesses. The California Court of Appeals affirmed that the city had exceeded its police powers, but the California Supreme Court reversed this judgment. Wed, 25 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53818 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1794/argument None Wed, 25 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53808 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1640/argument None Wed, 25 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53870 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1997/argument None Tue, 24 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53842 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_169/argument None Tue, 24 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53797 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1711/argument None Tue, 24 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53789 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1777/argument None Tue, 24 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53767 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_231/argument None Mon, 23 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53733 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1740/argument None Mon, 23 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53768 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_6423/argument None Mon, 23 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53775 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1538/argument None Mon, 23 Feb 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53814 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1429/argument None Wed, 21 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53704 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1944/argument None Wed, 21 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53755 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1252/argument None Wed, 21 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53700 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1709/argument None Mon, 19 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53868 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1952/argument None Mon, 19 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53873 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_83_orig/argument None Mon, 19 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53774 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_6740/argument None Wed, 14 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53689 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_83/argument In 1974, Philip Agee, a former employee of the Central Intelligence Agency, announced a campaign "to fight the United States CIA wherever it is operating." Over the next several years, Agee successfully exposed a number of CIA agents and sources working in other countries. When Secretary of State Alexander Haig revoked Agee's passport, Agee filed suit claiming that Haig did not have congressional authorization to do so. Agee also claimed that the action violated his right to travel, his First Amendment right to criticize the government, and his Fifth Amendment Due Process rights. Wed, 14 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53817 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_80_5060/argument None Wed, 14 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53806 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_6777/argument None Wed, 14 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53783 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_6779/argument None Tue, 13 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53688 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1907/argument None Tue, 13 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53747 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1890/argument None Tue, 13 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53866 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_2006/argument None Tue, 13 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53799 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_6624/argument None Mon, 12 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53715 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1423/argument None Mon, 12 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53851 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_5932/argument None Mon, 12 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53778 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1977/argument None Mon, 12 Jan 1981 13:00:00 +0000 53708 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_395/argument Hazel Morrison was indicted for distributing heroine and obtained private counsel for her defense. Without her counsel's knowledge two agents of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) conversed with her regarding a related investigation. During this conversation the agents advised that she have a public defender represent her instead of her private counsel. They also told her that the severity of her punishment would depend on how well she cooperated with them. Morrison notified her counselor immediately and did not speak to the agents about the investigation. She unsuccessfully petitioned the District Court to dismiss her indictment on the ground that the agents had violated her Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Morrison then entered a guilty plea to one count of the indictment. On appeal the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit found that Morrison's Sixth Amendment rights had been violated and ruled to drop all charges against her. Wed, 10 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53728 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1388/argument None Wed, 10 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53781 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1236/argument None Wed, 10 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53838 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1764/argument None Tue, 09 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53738 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1601/argument None Tue, 09 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53830 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1515/argument None Tue, 09 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53714 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1336/argument None Tue, 09 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53862 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1404/argument None Mon, 08 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53721 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_880/argument None Mon, 08 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53849 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1631/argument The Democratic Party of the United States (National Party) required that delegates sent to its National Convention were chosen exclusively by voters affiliated with the party, but the state of Wisconsin allowed non-Democrats to participate in state primaries. In the primary, voters expressed their choice among Presidential candidates for the Democratic Party's nomination. Although the Wisconsin Democratic Party (State Party) selected delegates at a caucus occurring after the primary, Wisconsin law required these delegates to allot their votes at the National Convention in accord with the amount of support each candidate received in the primary. The National Party prohibited the State Party delegates from participating in the 1980 National Convention because of non-Democrat influence in the state primary. The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that the National Party must admit the delegates since Wisconsin had a "compelling interest" to maintain the "open" feature of its primary system. Mon, 08 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53793 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1176/argument None Wed, 03 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53858 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1266/argument None Wed, 03 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53770 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1128/argument None Wed, 03 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53877 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1056/argument None Tue, 02 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53696 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1380/argument None Tue, 02 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53819 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1213/argument None Tue, 02 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53705 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_408/argument None Tue, 02 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53787 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_404/argument None Mon, 01 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53764 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_5688/argument None Mon, 01 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53749 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_678/argument None Mon, 01 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53718 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_512/argument None Mon, 01 Dec 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53845 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_814/argument None Wed, 12 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53712 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1260/argument Two Miami Beach police officers were charged with burglarizing a local restaurant. Their trial gained much media attention. Local television stations televised a small portion of the trial, thanks to a recent Florida Supreme Court decision which permitted (with certain restrictions) electronic media to record judicial proceedings. Officers Chandler and Granger objected to the coverage and were found guilty as charged. Wed, 12 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53843 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1013/argument None Wed, 12 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53832 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1420/argument None Wed, 12 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53760 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1157/argument None Mon, 10 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53785 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_5949/argument None Mon, 10 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53835 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_621/argument None Mon, 10 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53803 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_78_1945/argument None Mon, 10 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53730 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_5780/argument None Wed, 05 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53762 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_5962/argument None Wed, 05 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53801 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_886/argument None Wed, 05 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53860 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_5269/argument None Wed, 05 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53694 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1344/argument Michael M., a 17 and 1/2 year-old male, was found guilty of violating California's "statutory rape" law. The law defined unlawful sexual intercourse as "an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a female not the wife of the perpetrator, where the female is under the age of 18 years." The statute thus made men alone criminally liable for such conduct. Michael M. challenged the constitutionality of the law. Tue, 04 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53864 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_700/argument None Tue, 04 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53852 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1320/argument An Iowa law restricted the length of vehicles traveling on its highways. Iowa justified the law as a reasonable use of its police power to assure safety on the state's roads. Tue, 04 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53882 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_6027/argument None Tue, 04 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53879 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1171/argument Minnesota enacted a statute prohibiting the sale of milk and milk products in non-refillable, non-returnable plastic containers. Clover Leaf Creamery sued to overturn the law. A Minnesota District Court found that the statute did not fulfill the legislature's purpose. The Minnesota Supreme Court affirmed the decision. Mon, 03 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53809 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1068/argument None Mon, 03 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53815 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_824/argument None Mon, 03 Nov 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53874 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_5602/argument None Wed, 15 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53829 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_927/argument None Wed, 15 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53724 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_900/argument None Wed, 15 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53772 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1003/argument None Wed, 15 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53811 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1033/argument None Tue, 14 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53823 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_983/argument Congress enacted legislation in the late 1960s and early 1970s to adjust the compensation of federal employees, including judges, which provided automatic annual pay raises. However, from 1976 to 1979 Congress intervened and blocked cost-of-living increases which were scheduled to occur. Tue, 14 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53698 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1112/argument Engineers James Diehr and Theodore Lutton invented an improved press that cured rubber by controlled heating. The press contained a temperature probe which measured the temperature rise of the rubber from within the press. By repeatedly calculating the rubber cure time from this temperature measurement and comparing this computed cure time to the actual elapsed time, the computer was able to determine precisely when to open the press and eject the cured rubber, which then emerged perfectly cured. The patent examiner, viewing all computer programs as unpatentable because of the earlier Supreme Court decision Gottschalk v. Benson (1972), rejected their patent application because, he argued, the inventors had simply combined an unpatentable program with a conventional rubber curing press. An appellate court reversed the Examiner and ordered a patent to issue. The Commissioner of Patents then petitioned successfully to have the Supreme Court review this decision. Before the Supreme Court, the inventors' attorney argued that the steps of continuously measuring temperature and repeatedly recalculating the rubber cure time and comparing it to the elapsed time were new steps that were worthy of patent protection. Tue, 14 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53791 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1033/argument-1 None Tue, 14 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 55603 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_855/argument None Tue, 14 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53686 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1033/argument-2 None Tue, 14 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 55604 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_816/argument None Wed, 08 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53840 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1127/argument None Wed, 08 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53876 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_935/argument None Wed, 08 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53751 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_1186/argument None Wed, 08 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53827 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_939/argument None Tue, 07 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53757 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_770/argument None Tue, 07 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53825 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_78_1841/argument None Tue, 07 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53735 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_952/argument Eddie C. Thomas, a Jehovah's Witness and an employee of Blaw-Knox Foundry & Machinery Co., asked his company to lay him off when it transferred all of its operations to weapons manufacturing. He stated that his religious faith prohibited him from producing arms. His employer refused, so he quit instead. He applied for unemployment compensation benefits under the Indiana Employment Security Act, which the Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division denied. The board agreed that he quit because of his religious convictions, but claimed that this was not a "good cause [arising] in connection with [his] work" that would qualify him for benefits. The Indiana Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the ground that it burdened Thomas' First Amendment right to the free exercise of his religion. The Supreme Court of Indiana reinstated the board's initial decision, calling Thomas' decision to quit a "personal philosophical choice" that only indirectly burdened his free exercise right. Tue, 07 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53741 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_567/argument None Mon, 06 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53692 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_5903/argument None Mon, 06 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53856 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_938/argument None Mon, 06 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53702 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1980/1980_79_870/argument None Mon, 06 Oct 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53726 at http://www.oyez.org