Ward v. Rock Against Racism

Media Items
Oral Argument
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Advocates
Leonard J. Koerner (Argued the cause for the petitioners)
William M. Kunstler (Argued the cause for the respondent)
Case Basics
Docket No.: 
88-226
Petitioner: 
Ward
Respondent: 
Rock Against Racism
Opinion: 
491 U.S. 781 (1989)
Categories: 
forum, freedom of speech, first amendment

Cite this page
The Oyez Project, Ward v. Rock Against Racism , 491 U.S. 781 (1989)
available at: (http://oyez.org/cases/1980-1989/1988/1988_88_226)
Facts of the Case: 

New York City, responding to complaints of high-decibel concerts adjoining residential neighborhoods, mandated the use of city-provided sound systems and technicians for concerts in Central Park. Members of rock group claimed that the inability to use their own sound equipment and technicians in a concert in a public forum interfered with their First Amendment rights of expression.

Question: 

Does the New York ordinance substituting a city-employed technician and mixing board for a performer's mixer and equipment violate the First Amendment?

Conclusion: 

No. The Court upheld the ordinance, giving broad deference to the government's interest in maintaining order. As long as "the means chosen are not substantially broader than necessary to achieve the government's interest," a regulation will not be invalidated because a court concludes that the government's interest "could be adequately served by some less-speech-restrictive alternative."

Decisions

Decision: 6 votes for Ward, 3 vote(s) against
Legal provision: Amendment 1: Speech, Press, and Assembly

Sort by Ideology

Voted with the majority
Rehnquist
Voted with the minority, joined Marshall's dissent
Brennan
Voted with the majority
White
Wrote a dissent
Marshall
Voted with the majority
Blackmun
Voted with the minority, joined Marshall's dissent
Stevens
Voted with the majority
O'Connor
Voted with the majority
Scalia
Wrote the majority opinion
Kennedy

Full Opinion by Justice Anthony M. Kennedy