http://www.oyez.org/cases/1979/podcast U.S. Supreme Court Oral Arguments, presented by The Oyez Project (www.oyez.org) en The Oyez Project at Chicago-Kent http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_1082/argument None Tue, 22 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53671 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_838/argument None Tue, 22 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53610 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_1268/argument In 1965, Congress established the Medicaid program, via Title XIX of the Social Security Act, to provide federal financial assistance to states that chose to reimburse certain costs of medical treatment for needy persons. Beginning in 1976, Congress passed a number of versions of the "Hyde Amendment" that severely limited the use of federal funds to reimburse the cost of abortions under the Medicaid program. Cora McRae, a pregnant Medicaid recipient, challenged the Amendment and took action against Patricia R. Harris, Secretary of Health and Human Services. Mon, 21 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53658 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_669/argument None Mon, 21 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53677 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_492/argument None Wed, 16 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53600 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_5601/argument None Wed, 16 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53659 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_677/argument The state of South Dakota operated a cement plant. A substantial percentage of the plant's production was sold to buyers outside the state. One such customer was Reeves, Inc., a concrete distributor in Wyoming that obtained over 90 percent of its cement from the state-run plant. In 1978, for economic reasons, the South Dakota plant began supplying in-state customers before honoring other commitments. Reeves, Inc. challenged South Dakota's "hoarding" of resources. Wed, 16 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53588 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_73_orig/argument None Mon, 14 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53678 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_383/argument None Mon, 14 Apr 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53595 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_244/argument None Wed, 26 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53643 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_6885/argument None Wed, 26 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53612 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_5146/argument None Wed, 26 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53670 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_5364/argument None Tue, 25 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53593 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_616/argument None Tue, 25 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53597 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_421/argument None Tue, 25 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53676 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_488/argument None Tue, 25 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53663 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_48/argument None Mon, 24 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53665 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_65_orig/argument None Mon, 24 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53619 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_5175/argument None Mon, 24 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53602 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_116/argument None Wed, 19 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53598 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_9_orig/argument None Tue, 18 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53654 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_289/argument High school students seeking support for their opposition to a United Nations resolution against Zionism set up a table in PruneYard to distribute literature and solicit signatures for a petition. A security guard told them to leave since their actions violated the shopping center's regulations against "publicly expressive" activities. Tue, 18 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53627 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_509/argument None Tue, 18 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53585 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_136/argument After genetically engineering a bacterium capable of breaking down crude oil, Ananda Chakrabarty sought to patent his creation under Title 35 U.S.C. Section 101, providing patents for people who invent or discover "any" new and useful "manufacture" or "composition of matter." On appeal from an application rejection by a patent examiner the Patent Office Board of Appeals affirmed, stating that living things are not patentable under Section 101. When this decision was reversed by the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Diamond appealed and the Supreme Court granted certiorari. Mon, 17 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53584 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_5_orig/argument Rincon Island is artificial island off the coast of Ventura County, California and is connected to the mainland via a causeway. Additionally, there are 15 piers on the coastline. The Submerged Lands Act of 1953 granted to California all land and resources within three miles of the coastline. California and the United States disputed over whether the island and piers were included in this coastline. A special master was appointed to resolve this dispute. The Special Master found that the island and piers did not affect the shoreline, and were therefore not extensions of the coastline. California filed an exception to the Master's finding. Mon, 17 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53613 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_134/argument None Mon, 17 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53631 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_565/argument The Public Service Commission of New York (PSC), in the interest of conserving energy, enacted a regulation that prohibited electric utilities from promoting electricity use. The PSC's regulation distinguished promotional advertising from informational advertising, which was permitted. Central Hudson Gas and Electric challenged the regulation in a New York State Supreme Court, which upheld the regulation. The Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court affirmed the decision, as did the New York Court of Appeals. Mon, 17 Mar 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53685 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_424/argument None Tue, 26 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53615 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_394/argument None Tue, 26 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53630 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_1/argument None Tue, 26 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53655 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_66/argument None Mon, 25 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53614 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_381/argument None Mon, 25 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53609 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_8/argument None Mon, 25 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53642 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1832/argument None Wed, 20 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53629 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_6621/argument None Wed, 20 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53634 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_6899/argument None Wed, 20 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53638 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_192/argument None Tue, 19 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53664 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_79_243/argument After a series of mistrials in a murder case in the state of Virginia, a trial judge closed the trial to the public and the media. Defense counsel brought the closure motion; the prosecution did not object. Two reporters of Richmond Newspapers, Inc. challenged the judge's action. Tue, 19 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53673 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1821/argument None Tue, 19 Feb 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53653 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1918/argument None Wed, 16 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53635 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1815/argument None Tue, 15 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53661 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1577/argument None Tue, 15 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53596 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1177/argument None Mon, 14 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53583 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1874/argument None Wed, 09 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53657 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1870/argument None Wed, 09 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53684 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1888/argument None Wed, 09 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53606 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1845/argument None Tue, 08 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53669 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_6809/argument None Tue, 08 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53623 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1862/argument None Tue, 08 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53656 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1261/argument None Mon, 07 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53611 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_6386/argument After being convicted of three felonies over a period of fifteen years, William James Rummel was given a life prison sentence as mandated by a Texas recidivist statute. Rummel's offenses involved approximately $230, and all of the offenses were nonviolent. Lower courts rejected Rummel's challenge to the sentence. Mon, 07 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53652 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1557/argument None Mon, 07 Jan 1980 13:00:00 +0000 53645 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1175/argument None Wed, 05 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53632 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1522/argument None Wed, 05 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53672 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1472/argument None Wed, 05 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53624 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1155/argument None Wed, 05 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53674 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1487/argument None Tue, 04 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53668 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1418/argument None Tue, 04 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53622 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1455/argument None Tue, 04 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53644 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_27_orig/argument None Mon, 03 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53607 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1327/argument None Mon, 03 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53636 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_972/argument None Mon, 03 Dec 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53591 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1588/argument None Wed, 28 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53633 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1248/argument None Wed, 28 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53683 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1007/argument In 1977, Congress enacted legislation requiring that at least 10 percent of federal funds granted for local public works programs had to be used to obtain services or supplies from businesses owned by minority group members. H. Earl Fullilove and other contractors filed suit, claiming they had been economically harmed by the enforcement of the statute. The defendant was Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary of Commerce. Tue, 27 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53587 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1369/argument None Tue, 27 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53680 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_5471/argument None Tue, 27 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53641 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_67_orig/argument None Mon, 26 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53582 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_756/argument None Mon, 26 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53618 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1453/argument None Mon, 26 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53608 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_77_6219/argument None Mon, 26 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53651 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1201/argument None Wed, 07 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53639 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_990/argument None Wed, 07 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53637 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1501/argument None Tue, 06 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53594 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1006/argument None Tue, 06 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53603 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1318/argument None Tue, 06 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53628 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_599/argument None Tue, 06 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53660 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1323/argument None Mon, 05 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53682 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1183/argument None Mon, 05 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53601 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1268/argument None Mon, 05 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53620 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1202/argument Petitioner Vincent Chiarella worked in the composing room of Pandick Press (Pandick), a financial printer. An acquiring corporation hired Pandick to produce announcements of corporate takeover bids. Although the identities of the acquiring and target corporations were concealed, Chiarella was able to deduce the names of the target companies. Without disclosing his knowledge, Chiarella purchased stock in the target companies and sold the shares immediately after the takeover bids were made public. Chiarella realized slightly more than $30,000 in profits from his trading activities. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) then investigated Chiarella's trading activities. Chiarella entered into a consent decree with the SEC in which he agreed to return the profits he made to the sellers of the shares. A few months later, Chiarella was indicted on seventeen counts of violating Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (1934 Act) and SEC Rule 10b-5. Section 10(b) of the 1934 Act prohibits the use "in connection with the purchase or sale of any security" of "any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance in contravention of such rules and regulations as the [SEC] may prescribe." Rule 10b-5, promulgated under Section 10(b), makes it unlawful for any person to "employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud . . . in connection with the purchase or sale of any security." Chiarella was convicted at trial and the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed his conviction. Mon, 05 Nov 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53617 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_777/argument None Wed, 31 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53586 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1118/argument None Wed, 31 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53679 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1513/argument None Wed, 31 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53626 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1088/argument None Wed, 31 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53681 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1143/argument-1 None Tue, 30 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 80662 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1335/argument The Village of Schaumburg Illinois adopted an ordinance that prohibited charitable organizations from soliciting contributions in public areas without a permit. Permits were only granted to organizations that could demonstrate that 75 percent of their receipts were applied towards "charitable purposes." Citizens for Better Environment, a nonprofit tax-exempt organization, was denied a permit because it did not satisfy the 75-percent requirement. CBE sued in federal district court, which ruled in their favor. The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit affirmed this ruling. Tue, 30 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53605 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1143/argument None Tue, 30 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53599 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1076/argument After a picture identification by the victim of a robbery, Thomas J. Innis was arrested by police in Providence, Rhode Island. Innis was unarmed when arrested. Innis was advised of his Miranda rights and subsequently requested to speak with a lawyer. While escorting Innis to the station in a police car, three officers began discussing the shotgun involved in the robbery. One of the officers commented that there was a school for handicapped children in the area and that if one of the students found the weapon he might injure himself. Innis then interrupted and told the officers to turn the car around so he could show them where the gun was located. Tue, 30 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53592 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_5705/argument None Mon, 29 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53646 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_253/argument None Mon, 29 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53621 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_911/argument Acting under authority of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, the Secretary of Labor, after having demonstrated a link between exposure to benzene and leukemia, set a standard reducing the airborne concentrations of benzene to which workers could be exposed. The standard reduced the allowable amount from 10 parts per million (ppm) to one ppm. This case was decided together with Marshall v. American Petroleum Institute. Wed, 10 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53650 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1840/argument None Wed, 10 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53649 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_857/argument None Wed, 10 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53589 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_5937/argument None Tue, 09 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53625 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_873/argument None Tue, 09 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53647 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_630/argument None Tue, 09 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53666 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1078/argument None Wed, 03 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53604 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_952/argument None Wed, 03 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53616 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_1014/argument None Wed, 03 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53648 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_5981/argument None Tue, 02 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53590 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_572/argument None Tue, 02 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53667 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_77_1819/argument None Mon, 01 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53675 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_738/argument None Mon, 01 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53640 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1979/1979_78_740/argument None Mon, 01 Oct 1979 13:00:00 +0000 53662 at http://www.oyez.org