http://www.oyez.org/cases/1972/podcast U.S. Supreme Court Oral Arguments, presented by The Oyez Project (www.oyez.org) en The Oyez Project at Chicago-Kent http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_5521/argument None Tue, 24 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63017 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_656/argument None Tue, 24 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63005 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_549/argument None Mon, 23 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63112 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_534/argument Jacinta Moreno lived with Ermina Sanchez, who was not related, and Sanchez's three children. Sanchez provided care to Moreno, who contributed to household living expenses. Moreno satisfied the income requirements for the federal food stamp program, but was denied under Section 3 of the Food Stamp Act of 1964, amended in 1971, which prohibited households with unrelated members from receiving food stamp benefits. Sanchez's food stamp benefits were also to be terminated. Moreno and other households who were denied benefits under Section 3 challenged the statute in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The District Court held that Section 3 violated the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. The United States appealed. Mon, 23 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63024 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_848/argument None Mon, 23 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63014 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_804/argument None Wed, 18 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63127 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_654/argument None Wed, 18 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 62998 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_658/argument None Wed, 18 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63002 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_792/argument-1 None Tue, 17 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63118 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_394/argument None Tue, 17 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63096 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_792/argument-2 None Tue, 17 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63130 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_459/argument None Mon, 16 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63023 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_59_orig/argument None Mon, 16 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63091 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_694/argument New York enacted Chapter 414 of its Education and Tax Laws, which created aid programs for nonpublic elementary and secondary schools. These amendments included Section 1, which provided a grant for the maintenance and repair of schools that served many low-income students; Section 2, which provided tuition reimbursement for low-income parents; and Sections 3, 4, and 5, which provided tax relief for parents who did not qualify for tuition reimbursement. After the institution of these amendments, the Campaign for Public Education and Religious Liberty challenged the amendments in United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that these amendments violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The District Court held that Sections 1 and 2 violated the Establishment Clause, but not Sections 3, 4, and 5. Mon, 16 Apr 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63004 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_490/argument None Wed, 28 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63111 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1182/argument-1 None Tue, 27 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63132 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_5323/argument None Tue, 27 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63087 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1182/argument-2 None Tue, 27 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63115 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_624/argument None Tue, 27 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63027 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_486/argument None Tue, 27 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63032 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1417/argument None Mon, 26 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63076 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1639/argument None Mon, 26 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63001 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_630/argument None Wed, 21 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63007 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1647/argument None Wed, 21 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63101 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_586/argument None Wed, 21 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63106 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_212/argument None Tue, 20 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63039 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_5443/argument None Tue, 20 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 62997 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_419/argument None Tue, 20 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63120 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_493/argument None Tue, 20 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63010 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_269/argument None Mon, 19 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63064 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_350/argument None Mon, 19 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63048 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6278/argument-1 None Mon, 19 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63123 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6278/argument-2 None Mon, 19 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63143 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1553/argument None Mon, 19 Mar 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63042 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6757/argument None Wed, 28 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63133 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_535/argument None Wed, 28 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63099 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_214/argument None Wed, 28 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63018 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1545/argument None Tue, 27 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63109 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_10/argument None Tue, 27 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63081 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1585/argument At the conclusion of an undercover drug investigation, Richard Russell was arrested by Washington police and eventually convicted in a district court for drug manufacturing crimes. Russell challenged his conviction as the result of unconstitutional entrapment practices, since an undercover agent supplied him with an essential ingredient of his drug manufacturing operation. On appeal from an adverse Court of Appeals decision, the Supreme Court granted the government certiorari. Tue, 27 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 53997 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_129/argument-2 None Tue, 27 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63128 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_129/argument-1 None Tue, 27 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63121 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1623/argument None Mon, 26 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63068 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_90/argument None Mon, 26 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63104 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1476/argument-2 None Mon, 26 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63126 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1476/argument-1 None Mon, 26 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63142 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_147/argument None Mon, 26 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63034 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6732/argument None Thu, 22 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 62996 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1583/argument None Thu, 22 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63129 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1005/argument None Thu, 22 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63086 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1523/argument None Wed, 21 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63019 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_11/argument None Wed, 21 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63037 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_75/argument-1 None Wed, 21 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63134 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_75/argument-2 None Wed, 21 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63124 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6481/argument None Tue, 20 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 62994 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1637/argument None Tue, 20 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63084 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_95/argument None Tue, 20 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63113 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_77/argument-2 None Tue, 20 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63131 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_72_77/argument-1 None Tue, 20 Feb 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63139 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1694/argument Sharron Frontiero, a lieutenant in the United States Air Force, sought a dependent's allowance for her husband. Federal law provided that the wives of members of the military automatically became dependents; husbands of female members of the military, however, were not accepted as dependents unless they were dependent on their wives for over one-half of their support. Frontiero's request for dependent status for her husband was turned down. Wed, 17 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 54001 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6698/argument None Wed, 17 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63057 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6742/argument None Wed, 17 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63078 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1698/argument None Tue, 16 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63082 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1598/argument None Tue, 16 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63031 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1665/argument None Tue, 16 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63095 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_685/argument None Mon, 15 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63047 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1428/argument None Mon, 15 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63072 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1021/argument None Mon, 15 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63083 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1459/argument-2 None Mon, 15 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63137 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1459/argument-1 None Mon, 15 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63138 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_27_orig/argument None Wed, 10 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63020 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6042/argument None Wed, 10 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63147 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1255/argument None Wed, 10 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63022 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1225/argument None Tue, 09 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63090 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_653/argument-1 None Tue, 09 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63136 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1336/argument None Tue, 09 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63079 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_653/argument-2 None Tue, 09 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63141 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1369/argument None Tue, 09 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63008 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6060/argument None Tue, 09 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63080 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1069/argument None Mon, 08 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63052 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1456/argument None Mon, 08 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63073 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1222/argument Patrick Dougall was a federally registered resident alien. He was employed by a nonprofit organization that was absorbed into the Manpower Career and Development Agency (MCDA) of New York City's Human Resources Administration. He was ineligible for employment by the city under Section 53 of the New York Civil Service Law because he was a noncitizen. He was terminated for this reason alone. Dougall and other noncitizens who were terminated under Section 53 challenged the statute in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, which held the statute unconstitutional. New York appealed the decision. Mon, 08 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 63055 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1304/argument None Mon, 08 Jan 1973 13:00:00 +0000 62995 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1371/argument None Wed, 13 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63026 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6356/argument None Wed, 13 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63038 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1031/argument-2 None Tue, 12 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63145 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_364/argument In 1971, the Virginia legislature reapportioned itself. The plan for the House of Representatives provided for 100 representatives from 52 districts with each House member representing an average of 46,485 constituents(with a variance between largest and smallest being 16.4 percent, compared to the ideal 3.89 percent). Henry Howell challenged the plan as unconstitutional because its population deviations were too large to satisfy the principle of "one person, one vote." This case was decided together with City of Virginia Beach v. Howell and Weinberg v. Prichard. Tue, 12 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 53998 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1031/argument-1 None Tue, 12 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63122 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_834/argument Rosalind McClanahan was a member of the Navajo Indian nation who lived on the Navajo Reservation in Apache County, Arizona. Her employer withheld $16.20 in 1967 for Arizona state income taxes. McClanahan sought the return of her withheld income. She claimed that since she was a Navajo Indian residing on the reservation and since her income was derived completely on the reservation, she was exempt from state taxation. When her request was denied, she filed suit in Apache County Superior Court. The Superior Court dismissed her claim. The Court of Appeals of Arizona affirmed the dismissal. The Supreme Court of Arizona rejected her petition for review. Tue, 12 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63045 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_738/argument None Tue, 12 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63030 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_36_orig/argument None Mon, 11 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63016 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_30_orig/argument None Mon, 11 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63066 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1022/argument None Mon, 11 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63070 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_718/argument None Mon, 11 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63063 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_6193/argument None Thu, 07 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63075 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1119/argument None Thu, 07 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63061 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_70_279/argument None Thu, 07 Dec 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63021 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_5908/argument None Wed, 15 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63065 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1136/argument None Wed, 15 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63089 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1011/argument None Wed, 15 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63046 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_678/argument None Wed, 15 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63103 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1043/argument None Tue, 14 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63003 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_889/argument None Tue, 14 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63000 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1134/argument None Tue, 14 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63040 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1082/argument None Tue, 14 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63098 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_692/argument None Mon, 13 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63012 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_879/argument None Mon, 13 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63069 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_711/argument None Mon, 13 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63028 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_839/argument None Mon, 13 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63041 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_666/argument None Thu, 09 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63059 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_909/argument None Thu, 09 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63025 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_829/argument None Thu, 09 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 62999 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_857/argument None Wed, 08 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63100 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_5685/argument None Wed, 08 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63105 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_862/argument None Wed, 08 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63088 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1470/argument None Wed, 08 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63050 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_708/argument None Tue, 07 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63108 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_229/argument None Mon, 06 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63044 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_5139/argument None Mon, 06 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63060 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_850/argument None Mon, 06 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63015 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_564/argument None Mon, 06 Nov 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63107 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1422/argument None Thu, 19 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63056 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1315/argument None Thu, 19 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63077 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1051/argument State officials in Georgia sought to enjoin the showing of allegedly obscene films at the Paris Adult Theatre. The Theatre clearly warned potential viewers of the sexual nature of the films and required that patrons be at least 21 years of age. The Georgia Supreme Court held that the films were "hard core" pornography unprotected by the Constitution. Thu, 19 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 54000 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_586/argument-2 None Wed, 18 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63125 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_858/argument None Wed, 18 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63051 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_559/argument None Wed, 18 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63035 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_951/argument None Wed, 18 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63049 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_586/argument-1 None Wed, 18 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63117 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_749/argument None Wed, 18 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63071 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_496/argument None Tue, 17 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63011 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_873/argument None Tue, 17 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63102 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_900/argument None Tue, 17 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63074 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_485/argument Engineers Gary Benson and Arthur Tabbot invented a faster and more efficient mathematical procedure for transforming the normal "decimal" type of numbers (base 10) into true "binary" numbers (base 2) which are simpler to process within computers. Their mathematical procedure was somewhat akin to long division, albeit with different steps. Their attorney argued before the patent examiner that the inventors were entitled to a broad patent covering any use of their new mathematical procedure, even use of it by a human using pencil and paper. The examiner rejected their invention. An appellate court overruled the examiner and ordered a patent to issue. The Commissioner of Patents then petitioned successfully to have the Supreme Court review this decision. Before the Supreme Court, the inventors' attorney backed down from his earlier position and argued that the inventors were entitled to a patent covering all uses of their new mathematical procedure in computers, but not necessarily to its use by humans using pencil and paper. (The members of the Supreme Court at that time knew very little about computers.) Mon, 16 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63062 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_703/argument-2 None Mon, 16 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63116 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_863/argument None Mon, 16 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63067 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_703/argument-1 None Mon, 16 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63135 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_507/argument Petitioners proved that for nearly ten years since 1960 the Denver, Colorado school system implemented an unconstitutional policy of racial discrimination by operating a segregated school system. The defense argued, and the District Court held, that even though one part of the Denver system was guilty of segregation, it did not follow that the entire system was segregated as well. Thu, 12 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 54002 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1332/argument In addition to being funded through a state-funded program designed to establish a minimum educational threshold in every school, Texas public elementary and secondary schools rely on local property taxes for supplemental revenue. The San Antonio Independent School District (SAISD), acting on behalf of students whose families reside in poor districts, challenged this funding scheme by arguing that it underprivileged such students because their schools lacked the vast property tax base that other districts utilized. The reliance on assessable property, SAISD claimed, caused severe inter-district disparities in per-pupil expenditures. Thu, 12 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 53999 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_895/argument None Thu, 12 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63093 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_366/argument None Wed, 11 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63119 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_224/argument None Wed, 11 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63110 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_36/argument None Tue, 10 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63033 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_732/argument None Tue, 10 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63006 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_651/argument None Tue, 10 Oct 1972 13:00:00 +0000 63114 at http://www.oyez.org