http://www.oyez.org/cases/1961/podcast U.S. Supreme Court Oral Arguments, presented by The Oyez Project (www.oyez.org) en The Oyez Project at Chicago-Kent http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_604/argument None Wed, 25 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83051 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_439/argument-2 The Borden Company and Bowman Dairy Company were both large distributors of milk products based in Chicago, Illinois. Each company sold dairy products to retail stores under a plan that gave independent stores discounts on the list prices based on the volume of the independent stores’ purchases, up to a specified maximum discount. The dairies granted grocery chain stores a flat discount, without reference to the volume of their purchases, at a rate substantially higher than the maximum discount available to independent grocery stores. The government brought a Section 2(a) Clayton Act suit against The Borden Company and Bowman Dairy Company, seeking an injunction against selling milk products at prices which discriminated between the independent groceries and the chain groceries. Each company conducted its own cost study in an attempt to demonstrate that the differences in pricing between independent groceries and chain groceries were due to actual cost differences. The cost studies demonstrated that it was less costly on average to sell to chain stores. So, the dairy companies argued that the price discrimination was justified by the cost justification proviso of the Clayton Act. The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois dismissed the Government’s suit, concluding that the cost differences demonstrated by the two companies’ cost studies were sufficient to justify the price discrimination. The United States appealed the District Court’s decision. Tue, 24 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82926 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_439/argument-3 The Borden Company and Bowman Dairy Company were both large distributors of milk products based in Chicago, Illinois. Each company sold dairy products to retail stores under a plan that gave independent stores discounts on the list prices based on the volume of the independent stores’ purchases, up to a specified maximum discount. The dairies granted grocery chain stores a flat discount, without reference to the volume of their purchases, at a rate substantially higher than the maximum discount available to independent grocery stores. The government brought a Section 2(a) Clayton Act suit against The Borden Company and Bowman Dairy Company, seeking an injunction against selling milk products at prices which discriminated between the independent groceries and the chain groceries. Each company conducted its own cost study in an attempt to demonstrate that the differences in pricing between independent groceries and chain groceries were due to actual cost differences. The cost studies demonstrated that it was less costly on average to sell to chain stores. So, the dairy companies argued that the price discrimination was justified by the cost justification proviso of the Clayton Act. The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois dismissed the Government’s suit, concluding that the cost differences demonstrated by the two companies’ cost studies were sufficient to justify the price discrimination. The United States appealed the District Court’s decision. Tue, 24 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82927 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_439/argument-1 The Borden Company and Bowman Dairy Company were both large distributors of milk products based in Chicago, Illinois. Each company sold dairy products to retail stores under a plan that gave independent stores discounts on the list prices based on the volume of the independent stores’ purchases, up to a specified maximum discount. The dairies granted grocery chain stores a flat discount, without reference to the volume of their purchases, at a rate substantially higher than the maximum discount available to independent grocery stores. The government brought a Section 2(a) Clayton Act suit against The Borden Company and Bowman Dairy Company, seeking an injunction against selling milk products at prices which discriminated between the independent groceries and the chain groceries. Each company conducted its own cost study in an attempt to demonstrate that the differences in pricing between independent groceries and chain groceries were due to actual cost differences. The cost studies demonstrated that it was less costly on average to sell to chain stores. So, the dairy companies argued that the price discrimination was justified by the cost justification proviso of the Clayton Act. The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois dismissed the Government’s suit, concluding that the cost differences demonstrated by the two companies’ cost studies were sufficient to justify the price discrimination. The United States appealed the District Court’s decision. Tue, 24 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82925 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_286/argument None Mon, 23 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82804 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_532/argument-1 None Mon, 23 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83011 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_480/argument-1 None Mon, 23 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82957 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_532/argument-2 None Mon, 23 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83012 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_480/argument-2 None Mon, 23 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82958 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_436/argument None Thu, 19 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82922 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_454/argument None Thu, 19 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82936 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_440/argument None Wed, 18 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82918 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_493/argument None Wed, 18 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82982 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_598/argument None Wed, 18 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83046 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_554/argument A California statute made it a criminal offense for a person to "be addicted to the use of narcotics." Lawrence Robinson was convicted under the law, which required a sentence of at least ninety days in jail. A state appellate court affirmed Robinson's conviction on appeal. Tue, 17 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83020 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_488/argument-2 None Mon, 16 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82970 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_304/argument-1 None Mon, 16 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82816 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_304/argument-2 None Mon, 16 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82817 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_488/argument-1 None Mon, 16 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82969 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_166/argument None Mon, 16 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82697 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_478/argument-2 None Tue, 10 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82956 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_464/argument None Tue, 10 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82942 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_498/argument None Tue, 10 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82986 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_478/argument-1 None Tue, 10 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82955 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_312/argument-1 None Mon, 09 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82825 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_312/argument-2 None Mon, 09 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82826 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_475/argument None Mon, 09 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82952 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_468/argument-2 The Board of Regents for the State of New York authorized a short, voluntary prayer for recitation at the start of each school day. This was an attempt to defuse the politically potent issue by taking it out of the hands of local communities. The blandest of invocations read as follows: "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and beg Thy blessings upon us, our teachers, and our country." Tue, 03 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82946 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_396/argument None Tue, 03 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82886 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_468/argument-1 The Board of Regents for the State of New York authorized a short, voluntary prayer for recitation at the start of each school day. This was an attempt to defuse the politically potent issue by taking it out of the hands of local communities. The blandest of invocations read as follows: "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and beg Thy blessings upon us, our teachers, and our country." Tue, 03 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82945 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_422/argument None Tue, 03 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82915 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_236/argument None Mon, 02 Apr 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82764 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_369/argument-1 None Thu, 29 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82869 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_369/argument-2 None Thu, 29 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82870 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_384/argument None Thu, 29 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82879 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_190/argument-2 None Wed, 28 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82718 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_288/argument-1 None Wed, 28 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82806 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_22/argument None Wed, 28 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82747 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_288/argument-2 None Wed, 28 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82807 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_190/argument-1 None Wed, 28 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82717 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_22/reargument None Wed, 28 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82832 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_358/argument-2 None Tue, 27 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82860 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_358/argument-1 None Tue, 27 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82859 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_24/argument-1 None Mon, 26 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82773 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_24/argument-2 None Mon, 26 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82774 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_24/reargument None Mon, 26 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82830 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_222/argument-2 None Thu, 22 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82750 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_25/argument-3 None Thu, 22 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82786 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_25/reargument None Thu, 22 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82833 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_25/argument-1 None Thu, 22 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82784 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_323/argument None Thu, 22 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82840 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_222/argument-1 None Thu, 22 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82749 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_25/argument-2 None Thu, 22 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82785 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_18/argument None Wed, 21 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82710 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_241/argument-2 None Wed, 21 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82771 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_144/argument-2 None Wed, 21 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82664 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_18/reargument None Wed, 21 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82744 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_205/argument None Wed, 21 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82727 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_241/argument-1 None Wed, 21 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82770 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_144/argument-1 None Wed, 21 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82663 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_400/argument None Tue, 20 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82887 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_113/argument None Tue, 20 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82623 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_77/94_argument-%29 None Mon, 19 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83181 at http://www.oyez.org /node/83182 None Mon, 19 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83182 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_77/argument None Mon, 19 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83122 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_283/argument None Mon, 19 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82799 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_101/argument None Mon, 19 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82598 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_187/argument-1 None Thu, 01 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82715 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_187/argument-2 None Thu, 01 Mar 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82716 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_138/argument-2 None Wed, 28 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83194 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_234/argument None Wed, 28 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82762 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_138/argument-1 None Wed, 28 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82652 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_14_2/argument-1 None Tue, 27 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82656 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_224/argument None Tue, 27 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82751 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_14_2/argument-2 None Tue, 27 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82657 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_14_2/reargument None Tue, 27 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82734 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_84/argument None Tue, 27 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83161 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_123/argument-1 None Mon, 26 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82639 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_123/argument-2 None Mon, 26 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82640 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_242/481_argument-%29 None Wed, 21 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82960 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_242/argument-2 None Wed, 21 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82777 at http://www.oyez.org /node/82961 None Wed, 21 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82961 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_242/argument-3 None Wed, 21 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82778 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_242/argument-1 None Wed, 21 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82776 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_158/argument-1 None Tue, 20 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82684 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_282/argument-1 None Tue, 20 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82797 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_158/argument-2 None Tue, 20 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82685 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_282/argument-2 None Tue, 20 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82798 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_244/argument-2 None Mon, 19 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82780 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_244/argument-1 None Mon, 19 Feb 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82779 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_83/argument None Thu, 18 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83156 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_73/argument-1 None Wed, 17 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83114 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_79/argument-1 None Wed, 17 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83131 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_73/argument-2 None Wed, 17 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83115 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_79/argument-2 None Wed, 17 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83132 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_21/argument-1 None Tue, 16 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82730 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_64/argument-1 None Tue, 16 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83077 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_21/93_argument None Tue, 16 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83179 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_81/argument None Tue, 16 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83136 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_21/argument-2 None Tue, 16 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82731 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_64/argument-2 None Tue, 16 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83078 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_159/argument-2 None Mon, 15 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82687 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_78/argument-1 None Mon, 15 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83126 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_78/argument-2 None Mon, 15 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 83127 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_159/argument-1 None Mon, 15 Jan 1962 13:00:00 +0000 82686 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_75/argument None Thu, 14 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83119 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_62/argument None Wed, 13 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83065 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_2_2/argument-1 None Wed, 13 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82741 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_2_2/argument-2 None Wed, 13 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82742 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_61/argument None Wed, 13 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83054 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_2_2/argument-3 None Wed, 13 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82743 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_66/argument-2 None Tue, 12 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83197 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_157/argument-1 None Tue, 12 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82682 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_66/argument-1 None Tue, 12 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83082 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_157/argument-2 None Tue, 12 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82683 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_8/12_argument None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82635 at http://www.oyez.org /node/82646 None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82646 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_4/argument-2 None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82907 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_8/10_argument-%29 None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82601 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_8/11_argument None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83199 at http://www.oyez.org /node/82602 None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82602 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_8/argument None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83140 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_8/128_argument-%29 None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82645 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_4/argument-1 None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82906 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/node/83198 None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83198 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_8/9_argument-%29 None Wed, 06 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83176 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_68/argument None Tue, 05 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83091 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_6/argument In the wake of the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) received much criticism from state legislators as it pushed ahead with litigation to combat segregation. The State of Florida, in 1959, established a Legislative Investigation Committee to study what were called "subversive organizations." Gibson, president of the Miami branch of the NAACP, was subpoenaed before the committee and asked to produce a membership list of his organization. He refused and was found in contempt. Tue, 05 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83061 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_6/reargument-2 In the wake of the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) received much criticism from state legislators as it pushed ahead with litigation to combat segregation. The State of Florida, in 1959, established a Legislative Investigation Committee to study what were called "subversive organizations." Gibson, president of the Miami branch of the NAACP, was subpoenaed before the committee and asked to produce a membership list of his organization. He refused and was found in contempt. Tue, 05 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83149 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_69/argument None Tue, 05 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83096 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_6/reargument-1 In the wake of the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) received much criticism from state legislators as it pushed ahead with litigation to combat segregation. The State of Florida, in 1959, established a Legislative Investigation Committee to study what were called "subversive organizations." Gibson, president of the Miami branch of the NAACP, was subpoenaed before the committee and asked to produce a membership list of his organization. He refused and was found in contempt. Tue, 05 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83148 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_56/argument-1 None Mon, 04 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83026 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_56/argument-2 None Mon, 04 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83027 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_63/argument-1 None Mon, 04 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83072 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_63/argument-2 None Mon, 04 Dec 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83073 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_74/argument-1 None Thu, 16 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83117 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_74/argument-2 None Thu, 16 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83118 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_37/argument None Thu, 16 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82872 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_60/argument-2 None Wed, 15 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83050 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_59/argument None Wed, 15 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83043 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_60/argument-1 None Wed, 15 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83049 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_40/argument-2 None Tue, 14 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82893 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_42/argument-1 None Tue, 14 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82912 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_42/argument-2 None Tue, 14 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82913 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_40/argument-1 None Tue, 14 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82892 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_58/argument-2 None Mon, 13 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83036 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_45/argument-2 None Mon, 13 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83196 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_45/argument-1 None Mon, 13 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82934 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_58/argument-1 None Mon, 13 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83035 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_47/argument None Thu, 09 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82951 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_41/argument-1 None Wed, 08 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82899 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_41/argument-2 None Wed, 08 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82900 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_5/argument The NAACP was prosecuted for violating a Virginia statute which banned "the improper solicitation of any legal or professional business." Wed, 08 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83001 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_5/reargument The NAACP was prosecuted for violating a Virginia statute which banned "the improper solicitation of any legal or professional business." Wed, 08 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83002 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_50/argument-1 None Tue, 07 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82993 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_33/argument None Tue, 07 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82846 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_52/argument None Tue, 07 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83004 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_50/argument-2 None Tue, 07 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82994 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_46/argument None Mon, 06 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82939 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_36/argument-1 None Mon, 06 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82862 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_36/argument-2 None Mon, 06 Nov 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82863 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_48/argument None Thu, 19 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82965 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_31/argument A Florida statute automatically exempted women from jury duty and did not place women on jury lists. Women could, however, volunteer and register for jury duty. After an all-male jury convicted Mrs. Hoyt for murdering her husband, she appealed the decision to the Florida Supreme Court. The Florida Court upheld the conviction. Thu, 19 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82822 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_26/argument-2 These are three consolidated cases where Caucasian and African American patrons participated in “sit ins” at segregated lunch counters in Baton Rouge Louisiana. Each case the patrons merely sat at lunch counters. They were not asked to leave by the restaurants, but were asked to leave by police officers. When the patrons refused to do so, they were arrested and charged with "disturbing the peace." Under Louisiana law, “disturbing the peace” is defined as violent boisterous or disruptive acts, or any other act that unreasonably disturbs the public. The prosecution did not present any evidence that the patrons were boisterous or disruptive in any way. The individuals were convicted in state court and the state supreme court denied relief. Wed, 18 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82792 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_26/argument-1 These are three consolidated cases where Caucasian and African American patrons participated in “sit ins” at segregated lunch counters in Baton Rouge Louisiana. Each case the patrons merely sat at lunch counters. They were not asked to leave by the restaurants, but were asked to leave by police officers. When the patrons refused to do so, they were arrested and charged with "disturbing the peace." Under Louisiana law, “disturbing the peace” is defined as violent boisterous or disruptive acts, or any other act that unreasonably disturbs the public. The prosecution did not present any evidence that the patrons were boisterous or disruptive in any way. The individuals were convicted in state court and the state supreme court denied relief. Wed, 18 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82791 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_17/argument-1 None Tue, 17 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82699 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_17/argument-2 None Tue, 17 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82700 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_32/argument None Tue, 17 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82838 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_17/argument-3 None Tue, 17 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82701 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_30/argument None Tue, 17 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82815 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_72/argument None Mon, 16 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83109 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_25/argument None Mon, 16 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82783 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_16/argument-1 None Thu, 12 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82691 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_15/argument None Thu, 12 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82674 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_16/argument-2 None Thu, 12 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82692 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_13/argument None Wed, 11 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82648 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_20/argument None Wed, 11 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82725 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_23/argument-1 None Wed, 11 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82757 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_23/argument-2 None Wed, 11 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82758 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_2/argument-2 Francisco Mendoza-Martinez (Martinez) was an American by birth with dual Mexican citizenship. Martinez admitted that to avoid the draft, in 1942, he left the United States for Mexico and did not return until November, 1946. As a result of his deliberate absence, Martinez entered a guilty plea in 1947 to violating Section 11 of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 (the "Act") and served 366 days in prison. Five years after his release, Martinez was issued an arrest and deportation warrant premised on a violation of Section 401(j) of the Act which divested draft dodgers of their U.S. citizenship. Following a dismissal of his appeal from the Attorney General's special inquiry decision stripping him of his U.S. citizenship, Martinez challenged the constitutionality of Section 401(j) in District Court but was defeated. On appeal from the Ninth Circuit's opinion upholding the district court decision, the Supreme Court granted certiorari. This case was decided together with Rusk v. Cort. Tue, 10 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82740 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_2/3_reargument-%29 Francisco Mendoza-Martinez (Martinez) was an American by birth with dual Mexican citizenship. Martinez admitted that to avoid the draft, in 1942, he left the United States for Mexico and did not return until November, 1946. As a result of his deliberate absence, Martinez entered a guilty plea in 1947 to violating Section 11 of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 (the "Act") and served 366 days in prison. Five years after his release, Martinez was issued an arrest and deportation warrant premised on a violation of Section 401(j) of the Act which divested draft dodgers of their U.S. citizenship. Following a dismissal of his appeal from the Attorney General's special inquiry decision stripping him of his U.S. citizenship, Martinez challenged the constitutionality of Section 401(j) in District Court but was defeated. On appeal from the Ninth Circuit's opinion upholding the district court decision, the Supreme Court granted certiorari. This case was decided together with Rusk v. Cort. Tue, 10 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82853 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_2/reargument Francisco Mendoza-Martinez (Martinez) was an American by birth with dual Mexican citizenship. Martinez admitted that to avoid the draft, in 1942, he left the United States for Mexico and did not return until November, 1946. As a result of his deliberate absence, Martinez entered a guilty plea in 1947 to violating Section 11 of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 (the "Act") and served 366 days in prison. Five years after his release, Martinez was issued an arrest and deportation warrant premised on a violation of Section 401(j) of the Act which divested draft dodgers of their U.S. citizenship. Following a dismissal of his appeal from the Attorney General's special inquiry decision stripping him of his U.S. citizenship, Martinez challenged the constitutionality of Section 401(j) in District Court but was defeated. On appeal from the Ninth Circuit's opinion upholding the district court decision, the Supreme Court granted certiorari. This case was decided together with Rusk v. Cort. Tue, 10 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82787 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_7/argument-1 None Tue, 10 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83105 at http://www.oyez.org /node/82857 Francisco Mendoza-Martinez (Martinez) was an American by birth with dual Mexican citizenship. Martinez admitted that to avoid the draft, in 1942, he left the United States for Mexico and did not return until November, 1946. As a result of his deliberate absence, Martinez entered a guilty plea in 1947 to violating Section 11 of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 (the "Act") and served 366 days in prison. Five years after his release, Martinez was issued an arrest and deportation warrant premised on a violation of Section 401(j) of the Act which divested draft dodgers of their U.S. citizenship. Following a dismissal of his appeal from the Attorney General's special inquiry decision stripping him of his U.S. citizenship, Martinez challenged the constitutionality of Section 401(j) in District Court but was defeated. On appeal from the Ninth Circuit's opinion upholding the district court decision, the Supreme Court granted certiorari. This case was decided together with Rusk v. Cort. Tue, 10 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82857 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_2/argument-1 Francisco Mendoza-Martinez (Martinez) was an American by birth with dual Mexican citizenship. Martinez admitted that to avoid the draft, in 1942, he left the United States for Mexico and did not return until November, 1946. As a result of his deliberate absence, Martinez entered a guilty plea in 1947 to violating Section 11 of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 (the "Act") and served 366 days in prison. Five years after his release, Martinez was issued an arrest and deportation warrant premised on a violation of Section 401(j) of the Act which divested draft dodgers of their U.S. citizenship. Following a dismissal of his appeal from the Attorney General's special inquiry decision stripping him of his U.S. citizenship, Martinez challenged the constitutionality of Section 401(j) in District Court but was defeated. On appeal from the Ninth Circuit's opinion upholding the district court decision, the Supreme Court granted certiorari. This case was decided together with Rusk v. Cort. Tue, 10 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82739 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_7/argument-2 None Tue, 10 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 83106 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_14/argument None Tue, 10 Oct 1961 13:00:00 +0000 82655 at http://www.oyez.org