http://www.oyez.org/cases/1956/podcast U.S. Supreme Court Oral Arguments, presented by The Oyez Project (www.oyez.org) en The Oyez Project at Chicago-Kent /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_893/argument-1 None Mon, 13 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85411 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_893/argument-2 None Mon, 13 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85412 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_445/argument None Mon, 06 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85220 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_430/argument-2 None Thu, 02 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85200 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_426/argument None Thu, 02 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85197 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_430/argument-1 None Thu, 02 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85199 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_70/argument In 1944, United States Army private Albert Trop escaped from a military stockade at Casablanca, Morocco, following his confinement for a disciplinary violation. A day later, Trop willingly surrendered to an army truck headed back to Casablanca. Despite testifying that he "decided to return to the stockade" when he was picked up, a general court martial convicted Trop of desertion and sentenced him to three years at hard labor, loss of all pay and allowances, and a dishonorable discharge. In 1952, Trop applied for a passport. His application was rejected under Section 401(g) of the amended 1940 Nationality Act, on the ground that he lost his citizenship due to his conviction and dishonorable discharge for wartime desertion. After failing to obtain a declaratory judgment that he was a US citizen, from both a district and the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, Trop appealed to the Supreme Court, which granted certiorari. Thu, 02 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85382 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_403/argument-1 None Wed, 01 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85164 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_19_2/argument-1 None Wed, 01 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84963 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_403/argument-2 None Wed, 01 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85165 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_19_2/argument-2 None Wed, 01 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84964 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_44_2/argument None Wed, 01 May 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85214 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_619/argument None Tue, 30 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85353 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_466/argument-1 None Tue, 30 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85237 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_466/argument-2 None Tue, 30 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85238 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_423/argument-1 None Mon, 29 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85195 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_423/argument-2 None Mon, 29 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85196 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_247/argument-1 None Mon, 29 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85006 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_247/argument-2 None Mon, 29 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85007 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_596/argument-1 None Thu, 25 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85342 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_46_2/argument None Thu, 25 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85230 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_540/argument None Thu, 25 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85304 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_596/argument-2 None Thu, 25 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85343 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_475/argument-1 None Wed, 24 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85248 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_475/argument-2 None Wed, 24 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85249 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_240/argument-1 None Wed, 24 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85000 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_478/argument None Wed, 24 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85250 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_240/argument-2 None Wed, 24 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85001 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_408/argument-1 None Tue, 23 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85173 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_408/argument-2 None Tue, 23 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85174 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_582/61_argument Roth operated a book-selling business in New York and was convicted of mailing obscene circulars and an obscene book in violation of a federal obscenity statute. Roth's case was combined with Alberts v. California, in which a California obscenity law was challenged by Alberts after his similar conviction for selling lewd and obscene books in addition to composing and publishing obscene advertisements for his products. Mon, 22 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85348 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_107/argument-2 New York state law authorized the legal counsel for a municipality to seek an injunction against and the destruction of material deemed by the courts to be obscene. Peter Campbell Brown, Corporation Counsel for the City of New York, sought such an injunction against several bookstores. The process of review that followed was a civil, rather than criminal procedure, and the courts ultimately granted the injunction and sought to destroy the obscene material. Mon, 22 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84835 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_302/argument-1 None Mon, 22 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85061 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_582/argument Roth operated a book-selling business in New York and was convicted of mailing obscene circulars and an obscene book in violation of a federal obscenity statute. Roth's case was combined with Alberts v. California, in which a California obscenity law was challenged by Alberts after his similar conviction for selling lewd and obscene books in addition to composing and publishing obscene advertisements for his products. Mon, 22 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85333 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_302/argument-2 None Mon, 22 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85062 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_107/argument-1 New York state law authorized the legal counsel for a municipality to seek an injunction against and the destruction of material deemed by the courts to be obscene. Peter Campbell Brown, Corporation Counsel for the City of New York, sought such an injunction against several bookstores. The process of review that followed was a civil, rather than criminal procedure, and the courts ultimately granted the injunction and sought to destroy the obscene material. Mon, 22 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84834 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_11_orig/argument-1 None Mon, 08 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84862 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_11_orig/argument-2 None Mon, 08 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84863 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_571/argument None Thu, 04 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85319 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_43_2/argument None Thu, 04 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85202 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_183/argument-1 None Wed, 03 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84957 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_47/argument-1 None Wed, 03 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85244 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_183/argument-2 None Wed, 03 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84958 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_47/argument-2 None Wed, 03 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85245 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_183/argument-3 None Wed, 03 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84959 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_407/argument-1 None Tue, 02 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85171 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_407/argument-2 None Tue, 02 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85172 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_385/argument None Tue, 02 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85144 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_321/argument Not available. Tue, 02 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85081 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_310/argument None Tue, 02 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85064 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_199/argument Not Available. Mon, 01 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84965 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_521/argument-2 Andrew Mallory was arrested by federal officers on charges of rape. Upon arresting Mallory, the officers questioned him until he confessed roughly seven hours later. After the confession, the police officers sought to reach a United States Commissioner for the purpose of arraigning Mallory. Mon, 01 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85293 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_521/argument-1 Andrew Mallory was arrested by federal officers on charges of rape. Upon arresting Mallory, the officers questioned him until he confessed roughly seven hours later. After the confession, the police officers sought to reach a United States Commissioner for the purpose of arraigning Mallory. Mon, 01 Apr 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85292 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_370/argument None Thu, 28 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85126 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_422/argument-1 None Thu, 28 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85193 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_260/argument None Thu, 28 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85016 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_422/argument-2 None Thu, 28 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85194 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_435/argument None Wed, 27 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85205 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_316/argument-2 None Wed, 27 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85069 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_149/argument-1 None Wed, 27 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84912 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_316/argument-1 None Wed, 27 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85068 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_149/argument-2 None Wed, 27 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84913 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_72/argument-2 None Tue, 26 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85391 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_276/argument-1 None Tue, 26 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85035 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_72/argument-1 None Tue, 26 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85390 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_276/argument-2 None Tue, 26 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85036 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_262/argument-1 None Mon, 25 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85022 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_262/argument-2 None Mon, 25 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85023 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_211/argument-1 None Mon, 25 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84974 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_211/argument-2 None Mon, 25 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84975 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_261/argument-1 In 1954, John Watkins, a labor organizer, was called upon to testify in hearings conducted by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Watkins agreed to describe his alleged connections with the Communist Party and to identify current members of the Party. Watkins refused to give information concerning individuals who had left the Communist Party. Watkins argued that such questions were beyond the authority of the Committee. Thu, 07 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85017 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_261/argument-2 In 1954, John Watkins, a labor organizer, was called upon to testify in hearings conducted by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. Watkins agreed to describe his alleged connections with the Communist Party and to identify current members of the Party. Watkins refused to give information concerning individuals who had left the Communist Party. Watkins argued that such questions were beyond the authority of the Committee. Thu, 07 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85018 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_371/argument Not available. Thu, 07 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85127 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_89/argument-2 None Wed, 06 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85410 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_162/argument None Wed, 06 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84934 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_204/argument None Wed, 06 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84969 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_89/argument-1 None Wed, 06 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85409 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_257/argument None Tue, 05 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85015 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_175/argument None Tue, 05 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84946 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_205/argument-1 None Mon, 04 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84970 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_125/argument-1 Not available Mon, 04 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84875 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_205/argument-2 None Mon, 04 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84971 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_125/argument-2 Not available Mon, 04 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84876 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_304/argument None Mon, 04 Mar 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85063 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_491/argument None Thu, 28 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85258 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_153/argument Not available. Thu, 28 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84919 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_295/argument-1 None Thu, 28 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85055 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_295/argument-2 None Thu, 28 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85056 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_313/argument-1 None Tue, 26 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85066 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_122/argument-1 Not available Tue, 26 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84869 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_79/argument None Tue, 26 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85401 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_313/argument-2 None Tue, 26 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85067 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_122/argument-2 Not available Tue, 26 Feb 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84870 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_289/argument None Thu, 24 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85049 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_97/argument None Wed, 23 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85426 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_36/argument-3 None Wed, 23 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85121 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_36/argument-1 None Wed, 23 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85119 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_265/argument Not available Wed, 23 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85024 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_36/argument-2 None Wed, 23 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85120 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_137/argument-1 None Tue, 22 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84896 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_137/argument-2 None Tue, 22 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84897 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_103/argument-1 None Thu, 17 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84832 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_94/argument-1 None Thu, 17 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85422 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_103/argument-2 None Thu, 17 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 84833 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_94/argument-2 None Thu, 17 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85423 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_41/argument None Wed, 16 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85175 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_280/argument None Wed, 16 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85042 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_71/argument-1 None Wed, 16 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85383 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_50/argument-2 None Wed, 16 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85269 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_71/argument-2 None Wed, 16 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85384 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_50/argument-1 None Wed, 16 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85268 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_64/argument None Tue, 15 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85367 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_75/argument-1 Not available. Tue, 15 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85395 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_75/argument-2 Not available. Tue, 15 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85396 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_92/argument-2 None Mon, 14 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85420 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_5_2/argument None Mon, 14 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85288 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_92/argument-1 None Mon, 14 Jan 1957 13:00:00 +0000 85419 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_78/argument-2 None Thu, 13 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85400 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_68/argument None Thu, 13 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85373 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_124/argument None Thu, 13 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84872 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_78/argument-1 None Thu, 13 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85399 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_69/argument-2 None Wed, 12 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85377 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_62/argument-1 None Wed, 12 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85358 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_62/argument-2 None Wed, 12 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85359 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_60/argument None Wed, 12 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85344 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_69/argument-1 None Wed, 12 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85376 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_63/argument None Wed, 12 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85362 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_58/argument-2 None Tue, 11 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85329 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_132/argument None Tue, 11 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84890 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_58/argument-1 None Tue, 11 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85328 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_59/argument-1 None Mon, 10 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85338 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_56/argument-1 None Mon, 10 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85313 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_59/argument-2 None Mon, 10 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85339 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_56/argument-2 None Mon, 10 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85314 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_53/argument-2 None Thu, 06 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85300 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_52/argument None Thu, 06 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85294 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_53/argument-1 None Thu, 06 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85299 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_49/argument-1 None Wed, 05 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85260 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_51/argument-1 None Wed, 05 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85278 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_49/argument-2 None Wed, 05 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85261 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_51/argument-2 None Wed, 05 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85279 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_48/argument None Wed, 05 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85251 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_46/argument None Tue, 04 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85229 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_45/47_argument None Tue, 04 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85243 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_45/argument-1 None Tue, 04 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85224 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_45/argument-2 None Tue, 04 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85225 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_42/argument None Mon, 03 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85188 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_38/argument None Mon, 03 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85137 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_44/argument-1 None Mon, 03 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85212 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_44/argument-2 None Mon, 03 Dec 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85213 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_40/argument-2 None Wed, 14 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85158 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_3_2/argument-2 None Wed, 14 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85075 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_57/argument None Wed, 14 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85320 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_3_2/argument-3 None Wed, 14 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85076 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_40/argument-1 None Wed, 14 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85157 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_3_2/argument-1 None Wed, 14 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85074 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_5/argument-1 None Tue, 13 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85286 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_5/argument-2 None Tue, 13 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85287 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_43/argument None Tue, 13 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85201 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_37/argument None Thu, 08 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85128 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_28/argument-1 None Wed, 07 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85043 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_28/argument-2 None Wed, 07 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85044 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_30/argument None Wed, 07 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85058 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_14/argument-1 None Tue, 06 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84907 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_14/argument-2 None Tue, 06 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84908 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_26/argument-1 None Tue, 06 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85019 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_26/argument-2 None Tue, 06 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85020 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_11/argument-1 None Mon, 05 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84849 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_11/argument-2 None Mon, 05 Nov 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84850 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_33/argument-1 None Thu, 18 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85091 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_21/argument None Thu, 18 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84976 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_33/argument-2 None Thu, 18 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85092 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_27/argument-1 None Wed, 17 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85031 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_25/argument None Wed, 17 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85010 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_23/argument-2 None Wed, 17 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84995 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_27/argument-2 None Wed, 17 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85032 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_23/argument-1 None Wed, 17 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84994 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_24/argument-1 None Tue, 16 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85002 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_24/argument-2 None Tue, 16 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85003 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_16/argument-1 None Tue, 16 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84931 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_16/argument-2 None Tue, 16 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84932 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_19/argument-1 None Mon, 15 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84961 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_19/argument-2 None Mon, 15 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84962 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_17/argument None Mon, 15 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84940 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_13/argument-1 None Mon, 15 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84885 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_18/argument None Mon, 15 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84952 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_13/argument-2 None Mon, 15 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84886 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_12/argument-2 None Thu, 11 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84865 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_12/argument-1 None Thu, 11 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84864 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_4_2/argument-3 None Thu, 11 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85184 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_3/argument-1 None Wed, 10 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85072 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_20/argument None Wed, 10 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84966 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_3/argument-2 None Wed, 10 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85073 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_2/argument-1 On June 30, 1952, during testimony in the case of United States v. Schneiderman, Oleta O'Connor Yates, an admitted leader of the Communist Party of California, refused to answer eleven questions regarding the identities of other members of the party. For her refusal Yates was found in criminal contempt and sentenced to eleven concurrent sentences of one year. The judge in the case stated that if Yates answered the questions within sixty days of conviction, he would accept her testimony. Yates continued to refuse. Yates appealed the contempt convictions on the ground that the court's intention was to coerce her to testify, rather than punish her. This would make the contempt charges civil, rather than criminal, and Yates' convictions would be a violation of due process. Yates further claimed that eleven contempt sentences for a line of questioning also violated due process. The U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected Yates' claims and upheld her convictions. Tue, 09 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84983 at http://www.oyez.org http://www.oyez.org/cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_2/argument-2 On June 30, 1952, during testimony in the case of United States v. Schneiderman, Oleta O'Connor Yates, an admitted leader of the Communist Party of California, refused to answer eleven questions regarding the identities of other members of the party. For her refusal Yates was found in criminal contempt and sentenced to eleven concurrent sentences of one year. The judge in the case stated that if Yates answered the questions within sixty days of conviction, he would accept her testimony. Yates continued to refuse. Yates appealed the contempt convictions on the ground that the court's intention was to coerce her to testify, rather than punish her. This would make the contempt charges civil, rather than criminal, and Yates' convictions would be a violation of due process. Yates further claimed that eleven contempt sentences for a line of questioning also violated due process. The U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected Yates' claims and upheld her convictions. Tue, 09 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84984 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_6/argument-3 Fourteen leaders of the Communist Party in the state of California were tried and convicted under the Smith Act. That Act prohibited willfully and knowingly conspiring to teach and advocate the overthrow of the government by force. This case was decided in conjunction with Richmond v. United States and Schneiderman v. United States. Mon, 08 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85356 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_4/argument-1 None Mon, 08 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85182 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_6/argument-1 Fourteen leaders of the Communist Party in the state of California were tried and convicted under the Smith Act. That Act prohibited willfully and knowingly conspiring to teach and advocate the overthrow of the government by force. This case was decided in conjunction with Richmond v. United States and Schneiderman v. United States. Mon, 08 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85354 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_4/argument-2 None Mon, 08 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85183 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1956/1956_6/argument-2 Fourteen leaders of the Communist Party in the state of California were tried and convicted under the Smith Act. That Act prohibited willfully and knowingly conspiring to teach and advocate the overthrow of the government by force. This case was decided in conjunction with Richmond v. United States and Schneiderman v. United States. Mon, 08 Oct 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85355 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1955/1955_701_2/reargument-1 While residing at an airbase in England as a military dependent, Mrs. Clarice Covert was tried and convicted by court-martial for the murder of her husband, a sergeant in the United States Air Force. Mrs. Covert was not a member of the armed forces. Her trial and subsequent conviction by court martial in the United States was authorized under Article 2(11) of the United States Code of Military Justice. Mrs. Covert filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal district court alleging that her conviction by military authorities had violated her constitutional rights under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. The district court, holding that “a civilian is entitled to a civilian trial,” granted her petition. The Government appealed directly to the United States Supreme Court. In its initial decision of the case (351 U.S. 487), the Court held that Mrs. Covert’s military trial was constitutional, that the Constitutional right to a trial by jury did not apply to American citizens tried in foreign lands. Congress, the Court held, could provide for trial by any means it saw fit so long as such means were reasonable and consistent with due process. Justice Felix Frankfurter issued a lengthy reservation, and Chief Justice Earl Warren together with Justices Hugo L. Black and William O. Douglas issued a strong dissent. The Court subsequently granted a petition for rehearing. Thu, 03 May 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85380 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1955/1955_701_2/reargument-2 While residing at an airbase in England as a military dependent, Mrs. Clarice Covert was tried and convicted by court-martial for the murder of her husband, a sergeant in the United States Air Force. Mrs. Covert was not a member of the armed forces. Her trial and subsequent conviction by court martial in the United States was authorized under Article 2(11) of the United States Code of Military Justice. Mrs. Covert filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal district court alleging that her conviction by military authorities had violated her constitutional rights under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. The district court, holding that “a civilian is entitled to a civilian trial,” granted her petition. The Government appealed directly to the United States Supreme Court. In its initial decision of the case (351 U.S. 487), the Court held that Mrs. Covert’s military trial was constitutional, that the Constitutional right to a trial by jury did not apply to American citizens tried in foreign lands. Congress, the Court held, could provide for trial by any means it saw fit so long as such means were reasonable and consistent with due process. Justice Felix Frankfurter issued a lengthy reservation, and Chief Justice Earl Warren together with Justices Hugo L. Black and William O. Douglas issued a strong dissent. The Court subsequently granted a petition for rehearing. Thu, 03 May 1956 13:00:00 +0000 85381 at http://www.oyez.org /cases/1950-1959/1955/1955_1/reargument None Tue, 24 Jan 1956 13:00:00 +0000 84856 at http://www.oyez.org