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Abstract
| Argument: |
November 15-16, 1955
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| Decision: |
Monday, April 2, 1956 |
| Issues: |
First Amendment, Federal Internal Security Legislation |
| Categories: |
criminal, federalism, national security, sedition, supremacy clause |
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Advocates
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Facts of the Case
Nelson, a member of the Communist Party, was convicted of violating the Pennsylvania Sedition Act. This Act was implemented prior to Congress's adoption of the Smith Act of 1940 (amended in 1948) which prohibited the same conduct as Pennsylvania's law.
Question
Did the Smith Act supersede enforcement of Pennsylvania's sedition law?
Conclusion
Yes. The Court held that Pennsylvania's law was unenforceable and was superseded by the federal act. Chief Justice Warren argued that the scheme of federal regulation of seditious activities was "pervasive" and "left no room for the states to supplement it." Furthermore, the federal act dealt with an issue of primary importance to the national government which made any enforcement of similar state laws potentially harmful to the smooth execution of national statutes.
